html 코드표

개발자/HTML 2014. 5. 23. 14:22

특수문자

  • Entity 코드로 표현된 특수문자는 대부분의 브라우저에서 문제없이 출력된다.
  • 꺽쇠기호 < > 등을 Entity로 처리하지 않는 경우 브라우저들은 이것을 HTML 태그의 시작이나 끝으로 인식할 수 있다.
  • 따옴표 " "는 HTML 속성의 값이 시작되거나 끝난 것으로 인식할 수 있다.
  • & 기호는 Entity기호의 시작으로 오인될 수 있다.
  • 가장 흔한 실수 : URL에 포함된 & 기호를 Entity로 변환하지 않는 경우이며 특히 웹에디터에서 입력되는 특수문자 등은 Entity 코드로 치환되어야 한다.

HTML Latin-1 Character Entities Reference

ASCII Entities with Entity Names
ResultDescriptionEntity NameEntity Number
"quotation mark&quot;&#34;
'apostrophe &apos; (does not work in IE)&#39;
&ampersand&amp;&#38;
<less-than&lt;&#60;
>greater-than&gt;&#62;

ISO 8859-1 Symbol Entities
ResultDescriptionEntity NameEntity Number
 non-breaking space&nbsp;&#160;
¡inverted exclamation mark&iexcl;&#161;
¢cent&cent;&#162;
£pound&pound;&#163;
¤currency&curren;&#164;
¥yen&yen;&#165;
¦broken vertical bar&brvbar;&#166;
§section&sect;&#167;
¨spacing diaeresis&uml;&#168;
©copyright&copy;&#169;
ªfeminine ordinal indicator&ordf;&#170;
«angle quotation mark (left)&laquo;&#171;
¬negation&not;&#172;
soft hyphen&shy;&#173;
®registered trademark&reg;&#174;
¯spacing macron&macr;&#175;
°degree&deg;&#176;
±plus-or-minus &plusmn;&#177;
²superscript 2&sup2;&#178;
³superscript 3&sup3;&#179;
´spacing acute&acute;&#180;
µmicro&micro;&#181;
paragraph&para;&#182;
·middle dot&middot;&#183;
¸spacing cedilla&cedil;&#184;
¹superscript 1&sup1;&#185;
ºmasculine ordinal indicator&ordm;&#186;
»angle quotation mark (right)&raquo;&#187;
¼fraction 1/4&frac14;&#188;
½fraction 1/2&frac12;&#189;
¾fraction 3/4&frac34;&#190;
¿inverted question mark&iquest;&#191;
×multiplication&times;&#215;
÷division&divide;&#247;

ISO 8859-1 Character Entities
ResultDescriptionEntity NameEntity Number
Àcapital a, grave accent&Agrave;&#192;
Ácapital a, acute accent&Aacute;&#193;
Âcapital a, circumflex accent&Acirc;&#194;
Ãcapital a, tilde&Atilde;&#195;
Äcapital a, umlaut mark&Auml;&#196;
Åcapital a, ring&Aring;&#197;
Æcapital ae&AElig;&#198;
Çcapital c, cedilla&Ccedil;&#199;
Ècapital e, grave accent&Egrave;&#200;
Écapital e, acute accent&Eacute;&#201;
Êcapital e, circumflex accent&Ecirc;&#202;
Ëcapital e, umlaut mark&Euml;&#203;
Ìcapital i, grave accent&Igrave;&#204;
Ícapital i, acute accent&Iacute;&#205;
Îcapital i, circumflex accent&Icirc;&#206;
Ïcapital i, umlaut mark&Iuml;&#207;
Ðcapital eth, Icelandic&ETH;&#208;
Ñcapital n, tilde&Ntilde;&#209;
Òcapital o, grave accent&Ograve;&#210;
Ócapital o, acute accent&Oacute;&#211;
Ôcapital o, circumflex accent&Ocirc;&#212;
Õcapital o, tilde&Otilde;&#213;
Öcapital o, umlaut mark&Ouml;&#214;
Øcapital o, slash&Oslash;&#216;
Ùcapital u, grave accent&Ugrave;&#217;
Úcapital u, acute accent&Uacute;&#218;
Ûcapital u, circumflex accent&Ucirc;&#219;
Ücapital u, umlaut mark&Uuml;&#220;
Ýcapital y, acute accent&Yacute;&#221;
Þcapital THORN, Icelandic&THORN;&#222;
ßsmall sharp s, German&szlig;&#223;
àsmall a, grave accent&agrave;&#224;
ásmall a, acute accent&aacute;&#225;
âsmall a, circumflex accent&acirc;&#226;
ãsmall a, tilde&atilde;&#227;
äsmall a, umlaut mark&auml;&#228;
åsmall a, ring&aring;&#229;
æsmall ae&aelig;&#230;
çsmall c, cedilla&ccedil;&#231;
èsmall e, grave accent&egrave;&#232;
ésmall e, acute accent&eacute;&#233;
êsmall e, circumflex accent&ecirc;&#234;
ësmall e, umlaut mark&euml;&#235;
ìsmall i, grave accent&igrave;&#236;
ísmall i, acute accent&iacute;&#237;
îsmall i, circumflex accent&icirc;&#238;
ïsmall i, umlaut mark&iuml;&#239;
ðsmall eth, Icelandic&eth;&#240;
ñsmall n, tilde&ntilde;&#241;
òsmall o, grave accent&ograve;&#242;
ósmall o, acute accent&oacute;&#243;
ôsmall o, circumflex accent&ocirc;&#244;
õsmall o, tilde&otilde;&#245;
ösmall o, umlaut mark&ouml;&#246;
øsmall o, slash&oslash;&#248;
ùsmall u, grave accent&ugrave;&#249;
úsmall u, acute accent&uacute;&#250;
ûsmall u, circumflex accent&ucirc;&#251;
üsmall u, umlaut mark&uuml;&#252;
ýsmall y, acute accent&yacute;&#253;
þsmall thorn, Icelandic&thorn;&#254;
ÿsmall y, umlaut mark&yuml;&#255;

HTML 4.01 Symbol Entities Reference

Math Symbols Supported by HTML
ResultDescriptionEntity NameEntity Number
for all&forall;&#8704;
part&part;&#8706;
exists&exists;&#8707;
empty&empty;&#8709;
nabla&nabla;&#8711;
isin&isin;&#8712;
notin&notin;&#8713;
ni&ni;&#8715;
prod&prod;&#8719;
sum&sum;&#8721;
minus&minus;&#8722;
lowast&lowast;&#8727;
square root&radic;&#8730;
proportional to&prop;&#8733;
infinity&infin;&#8734;
angle&ang;&#8736;
and&and;&#8743;
or&or;&#8744;
cap&cap;&#8745;
cup&cup;&#8746;
integral&int;&#8747;
therefore&there4;&#8756;
simular to&sim;&#8764;
approximately equal&cong;&#8773;
almost equal&asymp;&#8776;
not equal&ne;&#8800;
equivalent&equiv;&#8801;
less or equal&le;&#8804;
greater or equal&ge;&#8805;
subset of&sub;&#8834;
superset of&sup;&#8835;
not subset of&nsub;&#8836;
subset or equal&sube;&#8838;
superset or equal&supe;&#8839;
circled plus&oplus;&#8853;
cirled times&otimes;&#8855;
perpendicular&perp;&#8869;
dot operator&sdot;&#8901;

Greek Letters Supported by HTML
ResultDescriptionEntity NameEntity Number
ΑAlpha&Alpha;&#913;
ΒBeta&Beta;&#914;
ΓGamma&Gamma;&#915;
ΔDelta&Delta;&#916;
ΕEpsilon&Epsilon;&#917;
ΖZeta&Zeta;&#918;
ΗEta&Eta;&#919;
ΘTheta&Theta;&#920;
ΙIota&Iota;&#921;
ΚKappa&Kappa;&#922;
ΛLambda&Lambda;&#923;
ΜMu&Mu;&#924;
ΝNu&Nu;&#925;
ΞXi&Xi;&#926;
ΟOmicron&Omicron;&#927;
ΠPi&Pi;&#928;
ΡRho&Rho;&#929;
ΣSigma&Sigma;&#931;
ΤTau&Tau;&#932;
ΥUpsilon&Upsilon;&#933;
ΦPhi&Phi;&#934;
ΧChi&Chi;&#935;
ΨPsi&Psi;&#936;
ΩOmega&Omega;&#937;
αalpha&alpha;&#945;
βbeta&beta;&#946;
γgamma&gamma;&#947;
δdelta&delta;&#948;
εepsilon&epsilon;&#949;
ζzeta&zeta;&#950;
ηeta&eta;&#951;
θtheta&theta;&#952;
ιiota&iota;&#953;
κkappa&kappa;&#954;
λlambda&lambda;&#955;
μmu&mu;&#956;
νnu&nu;&#957;
ξxi&xi;&#958;
οomicron&omicron;&#959;
πpi&pi;&#960;
ρrho&rho;&#961;
ςsigmaf&sigmaf;&#962;
σsigma&sigma;&#963;
τtau&tau;&#964;
υupsilon&upsilon;&#965;
φphi&phi;&#966;
χchi&chi;&#967;
ψpsi&psi;&#968;
ωomega&omega;&#969;
ϑtheta symbol&thetasym;&#977;
ϒupsilon symbol&upsih;&#978;
ϖpi symbol&piv;&#982;

Some Other Entities Supported by HTML
ResultDescriptionEntity NameEntity Number
Œcapital ligature OE&OElig;&#338;
œsmall ligature oe&oelig;&#339;
Šcapital S with caron&Scaron;&#352;
šsmall S with caron&scaron;&#353;
Ÿcapital Y with diaeres&Yuml;&#376;
ƒf with hook&fnof;&#402;
ˆmodifier letter circumflex accent&circ;&#710;
˜small tilde&tilde;&#732;
en space&ensp;&#8194;
em space&emsp;&#8195;
thin space&thinsp;&#8201;
zero width non-joiner&zwnj;&#8204;
zero width joiner&zwj;&#8205;
left-to-right mark&lrm;&#8206;
right-to-left mark&rlm;&#8207;
en dash&ndash;&#8211;
em dash&mdash;&#8212;
left single quotation mark&lsquo;&#8216;
right single quotation mark&rsquo;&#8217;
single low-9 quotation mark&sbquo;&#8218;
left double quotation mark&ldquo;&#8220;
right double quotation mark&rdquo;&#8221;
double low-9 quotation mark&bdquo;&#8222;
dagger&dagger;&#8224;
double dagger&Dagger;&#8225;
bullet&bull;&#8226;
horizontal ellipsis&hellip;&#8230;
per mille &permil;&#8240;
minutes&prime;&#8242;
seconds&Prime;&#8243;
single left angle quotation&lsaquo;&#8249;
single right angle quotation&rsaquo;&#8250;
overline&oline;&#8254;
euro&euro;&#8364;
trademark&trade;&#8482;
left arrow&larr;&#8592;
up arrow&uarr;&#8593;
right arrow&rarr;&#8594;
down arrow&darr;&#8595;
left right arrow&harr;&#8596;
carriage return arrow&crarr;&#8629;
left ceiling&lceil;&#8968;
right ceiling&rceil;&#8969;
left floor&lfloor;&#8970;
right floor&rfloor;&#8971;
lozenge&loz;&#9674;
spade&spades;&#9824;
club&clubs;&#9827;
heart&hearts;&#9829;
diamond&diams;&#9830;

더많은 특수문자 코드 보기


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iptables 사용~

개발자/Server 2014. 5. 23. 14:19

#!/bin/sh


# 초기화

iptables -F


# 포트 스캔 방지

iptables -A INPUT -d 0.0.0.0/0 -p icmp -j DROP


# DoS 공격 방지

iptables -N syn-flood

iptables -A syn-flood -m limit --limit 12/second --limit-burst 24 -j RETURN

iptables -A syn-flood -j DROP


# ssh 정책(root, webpage 계정만 접속 가능)

# ssh 포트 : 22, root 번호: 0, webpage 번호:500 

iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -m owner --uid-owner 0 -j ACCEPT

iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -m owner --gid-owner 0 -j ACCEPT

iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -m owner --uid-owner 0 -j ACCEPT

iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -m owner --gid-owner 0 -j ACCEPT

iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -m owner --uid-owner 500 -j ACCEPT

iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -m owner --gid-owner 500 -j ACCEPT

iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -m owner --uid-owner 500 -j DROP

iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -m owner --gid-owner 500 -j DROP


# 1초에 15번 이상의 HTTP 접근을 할 경우 차단

iptables -A INPUT -m recent --name HTTP --rcheck --seconds 60 -j DROP

iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -m recent --update --seconds 1 --hitcount 15 --name HTTP -j DROP



#--------------------------------------------------------------------

# 커널 컴파일 및 iptables 패치 후, connlimit 사용이 가능한 경우

# 1초에 15번 이상의 HTTP 접근을 할 경우 차단

#iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --syn --dport 80 -m connlimit --connlimit-above 15 -connlimit-mask 24 -j DROP


#메일서버의 경우 동시에 5개이상 SMTP 접근일 경우 5분동안 접근 제한

#iptables -A INPUT -m recent --name spammer --rcheck --seconds 300 -j DROP

#iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --syn --dport 25 -m connlimit --connlimit-above 5 -m recent --name spammer --set -j DROP

#---------------------------------------------------------------------


#----------------------------------------------------------------------

# STRING 필터기능

# MSN 문자열이 들어간 패킷 차단

#iptables -A FORWARD -m string --string "messenger.msn.com" -j DROP


# 싸이월드 접속차단

#iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp --dport 80 -m string --string "Host: cyworld.nate.com" -j DROP

#----------------------------------------------------------------------


# 서버가 해킹당했을 때 DoS공격지로 사용될 경우에 적용.

# DNS 쿼리 이외 UDP 패킷 전송 방지

iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT

iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT

iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp ! --dport 53 -m state --state NEW -j DROP



Usage: iptables -[AD] chain rule-specification [options]

       iptables -[RI] chain rulenum rule-specification [options]

       iptables -D chain rulenum [options]

       iptables -[LFZ] [chain] [options]

       iptables -[NX] chain

       iptables -E old-chain-name new-chain-name

       iptables -P chain target [options]

       iptables -h (print this help information)


Commands:

Either long or short options are allowed.

  --append  -A chain            Append to chain

  --delete  -D chain            Delete matching rule from chain

  --delete  -D chain rulenum

                                Delete rule rulenum (1 = first) from chain

  --insert  -I chain [rulenum]

                                Insert in chain as rulenum (default 1=first)

  --replace -R chain rulenum

                                Replace rule rulenum (1 = first) in chain

  --list    -L [chain]          List the rules in a chain or all chains

  --flush   -F [chain]          Delete all rules in  chain or all chains

  --zero    -Z [chain]          Zero counters in chain or all chains

  --new     -N chain            Create a new user-defined chain

  --delete-chain

            -X [chain]          Delete a user-defined chain

  --policy  -P chain target

                                Change policy on chain to target

  --rename-chain

            -E old-chain new-chain

                                Change chain name, (moving any references)

Options:

  --proto       -p [!] proto    protocol: by number or name, eg. `tcp'

  --source      -s [!] address[/mask]

                                source specification

  --destination -d [!] address[/mask]

                                destination specification

  --in-interface -i [!] input name[+]

                                network interface name ([+] for wildcard)

  --jump        -j target

                                target for rule (may load target extension)

  --goto      -g chain

                              jump to chain with no return

  --match       -m match

                                extended match (may load extension)

  --numeric     -n              numeric output of addresses and ports

  --out-interface -o [!] output name[+]

                                network interface name ([+] for wildcard)

  --table       -t table        table to manipulate (default: `filter')

  --verbose     -v              verbose mode

  --line-numbers                print line numbers when listing

  --exact       -x              expand numbers (display exact values)

[!] --fragment  -f              match second or further fragments only

  --modprobe=<command>          try to insert modules using this command

  --set-counters PKTS BYTES     set the counter during insert/append

[!] --version   -V              print package version.



Posted by Swamp of hope
,

보통 기본 보안점검 사항에 들어가는 

디렉터리 리스팅, 불필요한 페이지 및 에러 페이지를 통해 서버 정보 및 중요 정보가 

노출 되는지 점검


추가 확장자 경로는 알아서

 



APACHE

 

httpd.conf 안에 내용

 

    ErrorDocument 204 "/"

    ErrorDocument 300 "/error.jsp"

    ErrorDocument 302 "/error.jsp"

    ErrorDocument 400 "/error.jsp"

    ErrorDocument 403 "/error.jsp"

    ErrorDocument 404 "/error.jsp"

    ErrorDocument 500 "/error.jsp"

    ErrorDocument 501 "/error.jsp"

    ErrorDocument 503 "/error.jsp"

 

 



JSP

 

WEB-INF/web.xml 에 내용 추가

 

 

  <error-page><error-code>204</error-code><location>/204error.jsp</location></error-page> 

  <error-page><error-code>300</error-code><location>/300error.jsp</location></error-page> 

  <error-page><error-code>302</error-code><location>/302error.jsp</location></error-page> 

  <error-page><error-code>400</error-code><location>/400error.jsp</location></error-page> 

  <error-page><error-code>403</error-code><location>/403error.jsp</location></error-page> 

  <error-page><error-code>404</error-code><location>/404error.jsp</location></error-page> 

  <error-page><error-code>500</error-code><location>/500error.jsp</location></error-page> 

  <error-page><error-code>501</error-code><location>/501error.jsp</location></error-page> 

  <error-page><error-code>503</error-code><location>/503error.jsp</location></error-page>

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